Why is the term Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) preferred over “vaginal atrophy,” and what does it include?

The term Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is now preferred over “vaginal atrophy” because it more accurately reflects the wide range of symptoms and changes that occur during menopause, affecting not just the vagina but also the vulva, bladder, and urinary tract. “Vaginal atrophy” only describes the thinning and drying of the vaginal tissue, while GSM encompasses:

Vaginal dryness, itching, and burning
Painful sex (dyspareunia)
Decreased lubrication
Frequent or painful urination
Increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence

GSM is caused by declining estrogen levels during menopause, which impact the entire genitourinary system, not just the vagina. This broader term helps ensure that all symptoms are recognized and treated, not just those related to the vagina.

For a clear explanation of GSM terminology and why it’s important, check out the “Introduction & GSM Terminology” chapter in our YouTube video with Dr. Darwana Ratleff Todd: Watch the video here.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of GSM, here at Alloy we offer evidence-based treatments like Estradiol Vaginal Cream, which provides relief for vaginal dryness, itching, burning, painful sex, and frequent UTIs. Learn more about our solutions and get started with treatment: Estradiol Vaginal Cream.

You can also explore our full range of sexual and vaginal health products and bundles here: Improve Your Sexual Health.

This answer was created using the following resources: